Gynecomastia
is an enlarged breast condition found in teenage boys and older men, due to
excess fat tissue in the region. Gynecomastia may be characterised by an amount
of fat tissue around the breast, causing them to look prominent. Sometimes, it may
cause tenderness and pain in the swollen area. Gynecomastia may vanish on its
own, but if the problem persists, then surgery is the best way to get rid of
it.
Causes of Gynecomastia-
There may be different causes of Gynecomastia-
1) Hormonal Imbalance-
Gynecomastia may be caused
due to imbalance of male and female hormones, testosterone and oestrogen. Men
usually produce large amount of testosterone, which stops the oestrogen
hormones to develop breasts. If the secretion of oestrogen increases, then the
breast tissue develops.
2) Obesity-
Sometimes obesity can also
increase the oestrogen levels, so the breast tissue develops.
3) New Born Babies-
Gynecomastia may also
develop in new-born baby boys, because sometimes, oestrogen passes through the placenta of the mother to the baby.
4) Puberty-
During puberty, the
hormonal levels in boys may vary and sometimes the oestrogen levels may
increase, causing enlarged breast tissue.
5) Old Age-
As men get older they produce less testosterone. They
accumulate excess body fat and hence develop manboobs.
6) Other causes of Gynecomastia-
a) Medicine side effects
b) Alcohol and illegal drugs like marijuana, amphetamine,
heroin, methadone.
c) Chronic disorders like kidney failure or liver damage.
d) Malnutrition and starvation.
e) Hypogonadism
f) Tumors
g) Antidepressants
h) Antibiotics
i) Ulcer medication like cimetidine.
When should you see the
doctor for Gynecomastia?
Whenever you can see symptoms such
as pain, swelling and tenderness along with some discharge, you should consider
consulting a doctor. Your doctor will ask you questions about your medical and
drug history and the health conditions running in your family. The doctor will also do a physical examination that may include
careful evaluation of your breast tissue, abdomen and genitals.
Initial tests to determine the cause of your gynecomastia may include:
·
Blood
tests
·
Mammograms
You may need further testing depending on your
initial test results, including:
·
Computerized
tomography (CT) scans
·
Magnetic
resonance imaging (MRI) scans
·
Testicular
ultrasounds
·
Tissue
biopsies
Treatment for Gynecomastia-
In most cases, gynecomastia may vanish with time without any formal
treatment. However, if gynecomastia is caused by an underlying condition, such
as hypogonadism, malnutrition or cirrhosis, that condition may need treatment.
If you're taking medications that can cause gynecomastia, your doctor may
recommend stopping them or substituting them with other medications. In
adolescents with no apparent cause of gynecomastia, the doctor may recommend
periodic check-ups every three to six months, to see if the condition improves
on its own. Gynecomastia often goes away without treatment in less than two
years. However, treatment may be necessary if gynecomastia doesn't improve with
time.
Surgery to remove excess breast tissue-
If you still have significant breast enlargement
despite initial treatment or observation, your doctor may advise surgery. Two
gynecomastia surgery options are:
·
Mastectomy. This type of surgery removes the breast gland
tissue. If the gynecomastia is caused due to excess breast tissue, then
it needs to be removed with a scalpel. The surgery is often done endoscopically,
meaning only small incisions are used. This less invasive type of surgery
involves less recovery time.
Normally there are no complications post-surgery and the patient may
return to normal activities, besides reduced sensation around the nipples and
uneven contour of the chest. The patient can get back to normal life, six weeks
after surgery.
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